Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 19, G.A. Res. 217A (III), U.N. GAOR, 3d Sess., U.N. Doc. A/810 (1948), which states, "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

Art. 19(2),

Erick Barendt, Freedom of Expression, Ist Indian Reprint,(New Delhi: Oxford Press), pp 6,7

Robert A. Sedler, Freedom of Speech: United States vs. the Rest of the World, Wayne State University Humanities Center Brown Bag Colloquium Series (Oct. 18, 2005).

Schenck v. United States,249 U.S. 47 (1919),

Debs v. United States,249 U.S. 211 (1919),

Dennis v. United States,341 U.S. 494 (1951)

Gitlow v. New York,268 U.S. 652 (1925)

Lovell v. City of Griffin, 303 U.S. 444 (1938),{ Chief Justice Hughes’s definition}

Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo, 418 U.S. 241 (1974),

Roth v. United States , 354 U.S. 476 (1957)

Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973)

Lowell v Griffin, (1939) 303 US 444

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan,376 U.S. 254 (1964).

id. at 273,

Id. at 275

Hustler Magazine v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988)

1950 SC 27

AIR 1951 SC 21

Ranjit v. State of Maharashtra, 1965 A.I.R. (S.C.) 881, 885

See id. at 888

See id. at 888

Pandey JN, The constitutional Law of India,45Th Ed.(Allahabad:Central Law Agency) p 191

Contempt Petition (CRL) No.9 Of 2009 In Contempt Petition (CRL) No.15 Of 1997, Supreme Court of India.

Express Newspapers (Private) Ltd. v. Union of India (1959) 1 S.C.R. 12.

Ranjit v. State of Maharashtra, 1965 A.I.R., 1965 A.I.R. (S.C.) at 889

Robert A. Sedler, The First Amendment in Litigation: The "Law of the First Amendment," 48 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 457 (1991)